Patch Cable
What is Patch Cable?
A wire, usually made of metal or glass, that can be used to transmit information within a network. There are three common types of network cable: twisted pair, coaxial cable and fiber optic cable (fiber optic) . Twisted pair is a data transmission line consisting of many pairs of wires. It is characterized by low prices, so it is widely used. Twisted pair is used and RJ45 crystal head connected, there are STP and UTP two, commonly used is UTP
A network cable is a connecting wire between a computer and other network equipment. Commonly used network cable twisted pair, coaxial cable and optical fiber.
It’s easy to connect to a network using a coaxial cable, just connect each computer or network device in series, but it’s tricky to maintain, and if something goes wrong, the whole network could go down. When you add or remove a computer from a network, you must stop working on the network and wait until you add or remove a computer before you can continue using it. At the same time, this approach requires a bus-type topology, which is rarely used today.
Twisted pair wires are made of four pairs of copper wires, which are sheathed in an insulating sheath. It can reduce the interference caused by clutter and suppress the attenuation of signal in cable. If we use twisted pair, we can easily add or remove a computer in the network without interrupting the work of the network, network maintenance is also relatively simple, if a cable failure, this will only affect the twisted-pair connected to the computer or equipment, and will not cause network failure. But with twisted pair, you have to add hubs or switches to the network, increasing the cost of the network
What is the standard for a Patch cable？
In the production of cable, according to the actual needs, including the following two production standards:
EIA/TIA 568A
Sort from left: white green, green, white orange, blue, white blue, orange, white brown, Brown.
EIA/TIA 568B
Sort from left: white orange, orange, white green, blue, white blue, green, white brown, Brown.
In 2002, the Communications Industry Association of America (TIA) officially adopted the Class 6 cabling standard as early as 2002(ANSI/TIA/EIA 568B. 2-1-2002) , which was also approved by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO-RRB- under the standard numISO ISO 11801-2002.
In 2003, TIA began to research copper cable that can support 10 gigabit rate transmission. In 2008, TIA issued the performance parameter standard for class 6A cabling products, it also lays a foundation for the application of Class 6A and Class 7 twisted-pair in 10-gigabit Ethernet.
What is the classification of the Patch cable？
Twisted pair
Twisted pair is divided into Shielded Twisted pair (STP) and unshielded Twisted pair (UTP) . The so-called shielding means that the signal inside the network wire is wrapped with a layer of metal mesh outside the shielding layer is the insulating skin, the shielding layer can effectively isolate the outside electromagnetic signal interference.
UTP is one of the most frequently used LAN cables. The wire is wrapped in plastic insulation and consists of eight signal wires, each of which is twined in pairs to form a total of four pairs, hence the name twisted pair. The aim of twisted-pair winding in this way is to use the electromagnetic field produced by the current in the copper wire to cancel out the interference from the neighboring lines and reduce the interference from the outside world. The number of times a pair of wires can be twisted per inch determines the ability to resist interference and the quality of communication. The tighter the wire, the higher the quality of communication, and the higher the network data transfer rate, of course, the higher the cost.
Coaxial cable
Coaxial Cable is a Cable that has two concentric conductors and the conductor and shield layer share the same axis. Because it is wrapped with insulation material outside the main line, and there is a layer of mesh braided shielded metal wire outside the insulation material, so it can well block electromagnetic interference from the outside and improve the quality of communication.
The advantage of coaxial cable is that it can support high-bandwidth communication over relatively long repeater-free lines, and its disadvantages are obvious: first, it is bulky, and the diameter of the thin cable is 3/8 inches thick, it takes up a lot of space in the cable pipe; it can not withstand entanglement, pressure and severe bending, which will damage the cable structure and prevent the transmission of signals; and it is expensive. All these shortcomings can be overcome by twisted-pair, so in the current local area network environment, has been basically based on the twisted-pair Ethernet physical layer specification replaced. Coaxial cable is divided into two kinds of thin and thick cable.
Fiber optic
Fiber Optic Cable transmits signals in the form of pulses of light, so the material is mainly glass or plexiglass. The utility model is composed of a fiber core, a cladding and a protective sleeve.
The structure of the fiber is similar to that of a coaxial cable. It is also centered on a optical fiber made of glass or transparent plastic, surrounded by protective material, and can be combined into a single cable as needed. Optical fibers can be divided into single-mode fiber and multi-mode fiber according to the different ways of optical signal generation.
What is the method of making patch cable？
The production of network cable
1. Use the wire cutters to cut the appropriate length of wire mesh.
2. Cut the ends of the wire with the cutter of the wire presser, then put the ends of the wire into the stripper, let the ends of the wire touch the baffle, hold the wire presser tightly and slowly rotate, use the cutter to cut open the protective tape of the twisted pair of wire and pull off the tape.
3, each pair of wires are intertwined with each other, the production of network wire will be 8 wires one by one, and then in accordance with the provisions of the Order of the line arranged neatly.
4. Straighten and flatten the wire as far as possible. Arrange one end in the order of white-green, green, white-orange, blue, white-blue, orange, white-brown and brown from left to right. If the old skin is too long, you can cut the long thin wire short, keep about 14 mm, this length is just enough to insert the thin wire into their respective slot, and the crystal head is just enough to hold down the sheath and prevent the cable from falling out of the crystal head.
5. Pinch the crystal head with the thumb and middle finger of your left hand so that the side with the plastic shrapnel is down, the stitching side is facing away from you, and hold it with your index finger, slowly and forcefully insert 8 wires simultaneously along the 8 wire slots in the Crystal Head, all the way to the top of the wire slot.
6. Make sure all the wires are in place. After checking the sequence of wires, push the crystal head into the clamp slot. Then hold the clamp tightly and press all the pins that protrude from the outside of the crystal head into the crystal head.
7. Make the other end of the wire in the same way. Note that the order is white orange, orange, white green, blue, white blue, green, white brown, and brown.
At this point, a network line on the production of finished, in accordance with the same method of making all twisted-pair.
Testing
After both ends of the crystal head are done, you can use the network cable tester to test, if the 8 indicators on the tester are in turn Green Flash, prove the success of network cable production. If any of the lights are red or yellow, it will prove that there is a circuit breaker or bad contact phenomenon. At this time, it is best to press the crystal heads at both ends again with wire tongs, and then test again. If the fault is still the same, check if the two ends are arranged in the same order again. If not, cut off one end and make the crystal head according to the arrangement order of the other end. If the core wire sequence is the same, but the tester still shows a red light or yellow light after re-testing, it indicates that there must be a corresponding core wire contact bad. At this point, there was no choice but to cut off one end and redo a crystal head according to the Order of the core wires at the other end, and then test it again. If the fault disappeared, there was no need to redo the crystal head at the other end, otherwise, you have to cut off the other end of the crystal head and do it again. Until the test all green indicator flashing so far.
How to identify high-quality Patch cable？
There are more fake twisted-pair wires on the market than real ones, and the fake wires have the same markings as the real ones. In addition to false line, there are a lot of three types of line to pretend to be five types of line, super five types of line situation. Here’s how to identify the cable:
1.The lines in class 3 are two to four, and the lines in class 5 are four to eight.
2.True line of the outer rubber is not flammable, and false line of the outer rubber is most flammable.
3. The false wire will soften at high temperature (above 40 ° C) , but not really.
4. The copper core material inside the true wire is pure, soft, ductile and not easy to be pulled off.
5. The wire is twisted counterclockwise instead of clockwise. Clockwise winding has an effect on speed and transmission distance.
6. The number of times a pair of wires will go around a network cable is different, because the same number of loops will interfere with the transmission signal between the two pairs of wires, making the transmission distance shorter.
7.There is a layer of metal mesh and insulation between the wire and the Shielded Twisted Pair, and the outside of the crystal head is also covered with metal.
8. If possible, you can find 100 meters of twisted-pair use the Windows”Network monitor” field test, Class 5 cable can reach 100 Mbps, class 3 cable only 10 Mbps.
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